(iii) How do small-scale laboratory meltwater meandering channels on iceĬompare to their supraglacial relatives and with meandering channels in High-resolution imagery-based analyses, albeit at a much smaller scale? Observations made by previous researchers through field, theoretical, and We proceeded to work on answering the following: (ii) can we reproduce the Such conditions were easily reproduced in the laboratory. This led to our initial question: (i) can we produce meltwater meandering channels over ice in the laboratory? Simply put, the image shows an ice block with water flowing over it in a purely melting environment. It started as a very large iceberg thatīroke off Petermann Glacier and had been splitting into pieces as it drifted south over the Atlantic Ocean for more than a year. It shows an ice island with melt ponds and meltwater We present a set of experimental observations that were motivated by the Meltwater meandering channels on ice has received little attention (PitcherĪnd Smith, 2019), and no experimental work has been reported to date. With the cases of alluvial and bedrock meandering channels, the study of Surfaces also develop meandering patterns due to differential melting (e.g., Surface tension (Le Grand Piteira et al., 2006 Davies and Tinker, 1984 Ĭulkin and Davis, 1984 Gorycki, 1973), and channelized flows over ice Rivulets on a plane can also meander due to an instability associated with (Johnson and Finnegan, 2015), and weathering (Pelletier and Baker, 2011). Meandering channels also form in bedrock where the driving processes includeĭissolution (e.g., Veress and Tóth, 2004 Allen, 1971 Zeller, 1967),Ībrasion by sediment particles (Sklar and Dietrich, 2004), plucking ofīedrock (Chatanantavet and Parker, 2009 Whipple et al., 2000), slaking The quintessentialĮxample of a meandering channel is the alluvial river, which forms andĮvolves by erosion and deposition of sediment (e.g., Fisk, 1944 Seminara,Ģ006) and interaction with riparian vegetation (e.g., Braudrick et al., Over different media and across a broad range of scales. Rivers and other channels containing liquid flow develop meandering patterns Please read the corrigendum first before continuing. The absence of recrystallization (depositional analog to alluvial rivers),īends are more likely to be downstream-skewed and channels show lower Lateral incision driven by temperature differences between flow and ice. On ice is a function of flow velocity and the interplay between vertical and Observations suggest that sinuosity growth in meltwater meandering channels Weĭiscuss the (ir)relevance of scale in our experiments, which, in spite ofīeing in the laminar flow regime and likely affected by surface tensionĮffects, are capable of shedding light into the processes driving formationĪnd evolution of supraglacial meltwater meandering channels. Wavelength-to-width ratios, and meander bend fatness and skewness). The data also compare well with planformĬharacteristics of alluvial meandering rivers (sinuosity, Migration features, undercut banks and overhangs, meander bend skewness, and meander bend cutoffs. The observations include data from planned centimeter-scale experiments and from incidental We present a set of observations on meltwater meandering rivulets on ice and compare them (qualitatively and quantitatively) to morphologies commonly found in meandering channels in different media.
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